Final Statement-Western Europe:

*Low fertility rates, approaching zero population growth

*privatized water companies not providing clean drinking water to the globe, water as a commodity

*high rates of deforestation

*high CO2 emissions

*over-use of dams and other barricades

*starting to employ soft engineering tactics, nature-friendly "go with the flow" methods

*Greenland ice melt changing chemistry of oceans, thermohaline circulation

Fertility Rates and Life Expectancy in Western Europe

www.bit.ly/gXDiVY

Western Europe

France

Demographic Indicators	2011	1995	2005	2015	2025
Population
Midyear population (in thousands)	65,103	59,712	62,912	66,301	68,482
Growth rate (percent)	0.5	0.4	0.6	0.4	0.2
Fertility
Total fertility rate (births per woman)	2.0	1.7	1.9	1.9	1.9
Crude birth rate (per 1,000 population)	12	13	13	12	11
Births (in thousands)	800	763	807	783	751
Mortality
Life expectancy at birth (years)	81	78	80	82	82
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 births)	3	5	3	3	3
Under 5 mortality rate (per 1,000 births)	4	6	5	4	4
Crude death rate (per 1,000 population)	9	9	9	9	10
Deaths (in thousands)	570	540	537	607	676
Migration
Net migration rate (per 1,000 population)	1	1	2	1	1
Net number of migrants (in thousands)	95	39	95	95	95

Infant Mortality Rate and Life Expectancy, by Sex: France

Year	IMR Both Sexes	IMR Male	IMR Female	Life expectancy both sexes	Life expectancy male	Life expectancy female
2011	3.29	3.61	2.96	81.19	78.02	84.54

Crude Birth and Death, Net Migration, and Growth Rates: France

Year	Births per 1,000 population	Deaths per 1,000 population	Net number of migrants per 1,000 population	Rate of natural increase (percent)	Growth rate (percent)
2011	12.29	8.76	1.46	0.353	0.500

Age-Specific Fertility Rates and Selected Derived Measures: France

Year	ASFR 15-19	ASFR 20-24	ASFR 25-29	ASFR 30-34	ASFR 35-39	ASFR 40-44	ASFR 45-49	Total fertility rate per woman	Gross reproduction rate per woman	Sex ratio at birth (males per female)
2011	9.8	61.4	133.3	121.6	53.7	12.3	0.7	1.9644	0.9579	1.0508

	Midyear Population, by Age and Sex: France: 2011 Age Both Sexes Population Male Population Female Population Total 65,102,719 31,841,169 33,261,550 0-4 4,066,364 2,082,733 1,983,631 5-9 4,040,271 2,067,911 1,972,360 10-14 3,961,119 2,030,261 1,930,858 15-19 3,882,617 1,986,973 1,895,644 20-24 4,048,265 2,065,732 1,982,533 25-29 4,102,283 2,088,769 2,013,514 30-34 4,103,058 2,086,018 2,017,040 35-39 4,413,843 2,239,059 2,174,784 40-44 4,553,860 2,283,004 2,270,856 45-49 4,477,827 2,213,348 2,264,479 50-54 4,312,384 2,113,757 2,198,627 55-59 4,151,032 2,020,846 2,130,186 60-64 4,082,873 1,984,669 2,098,204 65-69 2,799,211 1,340,840 1,458,371 70-74 2,372,240 1,087,196 1,285,044 75-79 2,220,186 944,036 1,276,150 80-84 1,794,094 684,040 1,110,054 85-89 1,174,891 382,048 792,843 90-94 429,104 115,793 313,311 95-99 104,321 21,593 82,728 100+ 12,876 2,543 10,333

Annotated Bibliography-Western Europe-Internet Source

"Climate change-driven malaria is a potential risk for Western Europe." Scivista. Accessed February 22, 2011. http://www.scivista.com/content/climate-change-driven-malaria-potential-risk-western-europe-7812347.html.

Due to new research Western Europe could be prone to a malaria epidemic 8 months out of the year by 2080. Because of the global temperature rise, parasites are allowed to produce much more rapidly. It's projected that Tertian Malaria, once found in Germany will be reintroduced due to climate change. Because of sea surface temperature changes it is possible for increased parasite reproduction in addition to warmer air. When we think of global climate change we are mostly thinking about the organisms that will suffer from the changes, but have we thought about organisms that will thrive in our heightened air temperature? According to the (IPCC) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change global temperature is due to increase 6.4 degrees celsius by 2099.

Annotated Bibliography-Western Europe-Policy Document

Gloria Mulvihill

" The Dublin Statement on Water and Sustainable Development - UN Documents: Gathering a body of global agreements ." UN Documents: Gathering a body of global agreements. Hyperlinked collection of more than 500 key United Nations documents . http://www.un-documents.net/h2o-dub.htm (accessed February 21, 2011).

Five hundred people attended the International Conference on Water and the Environment (ICWE) in Dublin, Ireland in 1992. They addressed the usage of our freshwater resources, acknowledging that these problems were not just for the future, nor are they speculative. Problems such as "overconsumption, pollution, and rising threats from drought and floods" were addressed. Principles were established: freshwater is a finite and vulnerable resource, water development should include users, planners and policy makers, women play a major role in the management and safeguarding of water, and water is an economic good. By increasing awareness and implementing various water projects they hope to solve the global issue of freshwater. This source is a policy document and applicable because of its subject (water) and where the meeting took place (Dublin, Ireland, which is in Western Europe).

Annotated Bibliography

Population Source- Western Europe

1. Gall, Timothy L., ed. Encyclopedia of the Nations. Michigan: Gale Research. 1998.


In 1981 there were 56,243,395 people living in Italy, and ten years after there was a 5% increase in population. The cities were growing and getting more crowded which means they need to use more electricity to run the city and burning more carbon dioxide. In Italy around 67% of the country is urban, and in 1996 it was estimated that the average population density was 195 per sq km (506 per square mile). With all the people living there, they are burning and using many resources and now they have to replenish the resources they used before. The population is increasing and if they can not find enough resources for their country it will be harder to live there and prices will also go up.

This is a reliable, tertiary source because even though the encyclopedia I used is a later version it still has reliable research and I can trust the information it gives me.

(Kirsten Yi)